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Objective To study the maturation and activation effects of hyaluronic acid (HA) modified polymer nanoparticles co-delivering adjuvants and antigens on mouse bone marrow dendritic cells (BMDCs). Methods HA-modified polylactic acid-glycolic acid copolymer (PLGA) and cationic lipid DOTAP were used as nanocarriers (DOTAP-PLGA) to co-deliver adjuvant CpG with model antigen ovalbumin (OVA). In the drug-loaded nanocarriers, CpG was covalently bound to the surface of HA, and OVA was physically blended into DOTAP-PLGA nanocarriers. The nanoparticles were characterized by transmission electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering. The in vitro release of CpG and OVA in the nanoparticles was investigated. The uptake and distribution of nanoparticles in mouse BMDCs were studied by flow cytometry and laser scanning confocal microscopy. The maturation and cytokine expression of mouse BMDCs were evaluated by flow cytometry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. Results The CpG-HA-OVA-PLGA nanoparticles loading CpG and OVA were prepared. The average particle size was (305.1±2.2) nm and the polydispersity index was 0.203. A core-shell structure of the nanoparticles modified by HA was clearly observed by transmission electron microscopy. Cellular experiment results showed that CpG-HA-OVA-PLGA nanoparticles could be efficiently uptaken by mouse BMDCs, and promote lysosomal release of CpG and cytoplasmic delivery of antigen OVA. Compared with free OVA group and free OVA+CpG group, the CpG-HA-OVA-PLGA nanoparticles significantly up-regulated the expression of co-stimulatory molecules CD86 and CD40 (all P<0.01), major histocompatibility complex I (MHC-I) (P<0.01), and cytokine tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) (P<0.01). Conclusions HA-modified CpG and OVA nanoparticle co-delivery vectors can effectively promote the maturation and activation of dendritic cells, which provides a basis for the development of novel vaccine vectors for the co-delivery of antigens and adjuvants.
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Objective To explore the relationship of X-ray exposure parameters and false-node rate during image-guidance treatment with CyberKnife spine tracking.Methods Using spine tracking planning on a chest phantom,several combinations of X-ray exposure parameters were used to locate.The false-node ratio and the surface absorbed dose were investigated and the radiation dose was optimized.Results The false-node ratio and surface absorbed radiation dose decreased when the X-ray exposure parameters increased until they saturated.In the range of ≤5.0％ false-node rate,the surface absorbed radiation dose was 0.11,0.26 mGy,and 0.31-0.46 mGy,when the false-node rate was 2.77％,1.07％and 1.0％,respectively.Conclusions In image-guided treatment of CyberKnife,the radiation dose would be optimized,and the patient's radiation dose would be reduced greatly,which is important to protect the patients.
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Objective To analyse the effectiveness of the preoperative 3-dimensional conformal radiotherapy for large nephroblastoma up to 10 centimeters in diameter,and to investigate more effective preoperative therapies for intermediate and advanced nephroblastoma.Methods 32 cases of nephroblastoma were treated with preoperative radiotherapy with a dose fractionation as follows:150-200 cGy/fraction,5 fraction/week,the total dose of 1 000-2 000cGy,the mean dose of 1 600 cGy.During the radiotherapy,the B ultrasonic examination and CT were performed weekly to measure the variation of tumor volumes.The time of operation were determined based on the overall health status of patients,the shrinkage of tumor,and adhesions between tumor and adjacent vital organs.Radiontherapy was terminated one week before operation.4 patients who were found tumor adhered to normal tissues around kidney during operation were placed silver clip,and were given postoperative radiotherapy with additional dose of 1 000-2 000 cGy and the mean dose of 1 200 cGy.Results The median tumor reduction rate was 37 ％.The effective rate of preoperative radiotherapy was 100 ％.The complete resection rate was 87.5 ％.2-years tumor-free survival rates was 84.4 ％ and 5-years was 78.1％.There was no surgery-related death.Conclusion Preoperative 3-dimensional conformal radiotherapy reduces tumor volume,and raises resection and survival rate.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore clinical value of circular DNA in acute myocardial infarction.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Venous blood (2 ml/head) of 40 healthy control and 40 patients with acute myocardial infarction within 48h of onset of illness and convalescent period was collected. The level of plasma circular DNA was detected by duplex real-time polymerase chain reaction assay. The levels of myocardial enzyme spectrum and cardiac troponin T (cTnT) were detected by biochemistry method.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The level of circular DNA in control group and group of acute myocardial infarction before treatment was (21.5 +/- 10.7) ng/ml and (253.6 +/- 45.7) ng/ml, respectively (P = 0.000). The levels of serum myocardial enzyme spectrum and cTnT before treatment in patients with acute myocardial infarction were significantly higher than those of control group (P < 0.05). The level of circular DNA after treatment in patients with acute myocardial infarction was significantly decreased compared with that before treatment (P = 0.000), the levels of myocardial enzyme spectrum and cTnT were also significantly reduced (P < 0.05). There was significant correlation between the level of circular DNA and those of CK-MB and cTnT, r = 0.613, 0.654, P = 0.032, 0.021.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Circular DNA can be used as a marker of sensitively reflecting myocardial cell injury.</p>
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Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Case-Control Studies , DNA, Circular , Blood , Myocardial Infarction , Blood , DiagnosisABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the long-term curative effect of the radiotherapy combined uterine arterial interventional chemoembolization for cervical cancer.Methods Records of 632 patients with cervical cancer stage Ⅱ-Ⅳa proved by pathology in Lanzhou Command General Hospital from January 1st,1999 to August 31st.2009 were retrospective analysed.One hundrand and twenty-six cases of them were treated with radical radiothempy combined uterine arterial interventional chemoembolization(arterial chemoembolization+radiotherapy group).506 cases of them were treated with radical radiotherapy only (radiotherapy group);the evaluation of the late radiation injury was done,according to Radiation Therapy Oncology Group/European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer(RTOG/EORTC)advanced radiation injury criteria.Prognosis and complications were compared between two groups,relative risk factors of radiothempy complications were identified by method of logistic regression.Results (1)Survival:the total survival mtes of 1-year,2-year,5-year and 8-year were 94.4%,82.3%,48.8%,29.1%,respectively.The survival rates of arterial chemoembolization+radiotherapy group were 96.0%.82.1%,37.2%,25.7%,while the survival rates of radiotherapy group were 94.1%,80.8%,51.1%,31.5%,in which there were significant differences between two groups (x2 = 0.009, P= 0.993; x2 =0. 158, P =0.691;X2 =11. 197,P=0. 001;x2 =9. 649,P =0.002). During the follow-up period, the rate of recurrence and metastasis in arterial chemoembolization + radiotherapy group were 77. 0% (97/126), while 73. 3% (371/ 506) in radiotherapy group ( x2 = 0. 705,P = 0. 401). (2) Radiotherapy complications and relative risk factors; the total incidence of tardive bladder injury higher than RTOG/EORTC stage II was 5.5% (35/632), while it was 11. l%(14/126)in arterial chemoembolization + radiotherapy group, 4.2% (21/506) in the radiotherapy group(x2 =9.344,P =0.002). The results of logistic regression showed that the uterine arterial interventional chemoembolization was relative risk factors of the tardive bladder injury ( x2 =6. 440, OR = 2. 869,P=0. 011). Conclusions Compared with the simple radiotherapy, there are a similar short-term survival rate and significant poor 5-year, 8-year survival rate in the patients treated with the uterine arterial interventional chemoembolization combined with radiotherapy, which also may be strong dangerous factor for the occurrence of tardive bladder injury. The results shown that the uterine arterial interventional chemoem bolization do not recommend to be routine adjuvant therapy for the radical radiotherapy of cervical cancer.
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Objective To construct the recombinant plasmid that highly expressed human subcellular PTEN,in order to provide a basis for further study on its anti-tumor effect. Methods PTEN cDNA was amplified by RT-PCR based on mRNA of placenta.The PCR product was ligated into T-vector,and transfected into E.coli;the obtained T-PTEN plasmid was identified with restrictive digestion and sequencing.PCR was used to incorporte nuclear signal of localization(NSL) into PTEN when T-PTEN was used as template.Then the PCR product was ligated into T-vector,and transfected into E.coli,and T-NSL-PTEN plasmid was obtained.pcDNA3.1 and T-NSL-PTEN were ligated after digested with EcoRⅠand BamHⅠ,and transfected into E.coli,the recombinant vector pcDNA3.1-NSL-PTEN was obtained,and identified with digestion and sequcncing.Results The recombinant expression vector DUM-PTEN and PUM-NSL PTEN were identified by restrictive digestion and DNA sequencing.As expected,by EcoRⅠ and BamHⅠ digestion,it showed the band of 1 200 bp.The sequencing result showed the NSL was incorporated successfully.The recombinant pcDNA3.1-PTEN was obtained with 1 200 bp,the sequencing result showed that its sequence was same as target gene;the recombinant pcDNA3.1-NSL-PTEN was comfirmed by restrictive digestion and sequencing,and the NSL was incorporated successfully. Conclusion The recombinant expression plasmid pcDNA3.1-NSL-PTEN is constructed successfully which can highly express human subcellular PTEN.
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Objective To investigate the upper airway caliber and the corresponding pharyngeal wall in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome(OSAS) by spiral CT.Methods Seven patients with OSAS confirmed by polysomnography(PSG) underwent spiral CT scan.The thickness of posterior pharyngeal wall of retropalatal region(RP),retroglossal region(RG) and epiglottal region(EPG) were measured.Results ①Among 7 patients,5 had only RP obstruction,and 2 had RP and RG regions obstruction;②The length and width of soft palate were 44.28 mm?1.16 mm(normally 41.90 mm?1.95 mm) and 9.42 mm?0.46 mm(normally 5.84 mm?0.24 mm) respectively;③In OSAS patients,the thickness of posterior pharyngeal wall of RP,RG and EPG region were statistically larger than that of the normal group.Conclusion Spiral CT is of practical value in evaluating the pharyngeal airway obstruction of OSAS.